Even-Toed Ungulates | Artiodactyla

Even-Toed Ungulates | Artiodactyla

Description
Description

Even-toed ungulates, or Artiodactyla, are a diverse mammalian order characterized by having an even number of toes on each foot, usually two or four. This group includes many familiar species such as pigs, camels, deer, giraffes, and cattle. They inhabit a wide range of environments across the globe, from the African savannas to Arctic tundra. Artiodactyls evolved around 50 million years ago, diversifying into numerous niches. They possess various adaptations for survival, such as ruminant digestion in cattle and deer, and remarkable migratory abilities in wildebeests. Their evolutionary success is partly due to their efficient locomotion and specialized diets.

Anatomy
Anatomy

Even-toed ungulates typically have sturdy bodies with an even number of toes on each hoof—often two or four—which aids in weight distribution and stability. Many, like deer and giraffes, have elongated legs for swift running, crucial for escaping predators. Their varied teeth structures, such as the flat molars of cows, are perfect for grinding vegetation. Some species, like pigs, have a keen sense of smell, aiding in food search. Communication varies: pigs grunt, deer bellow. These adaptations have enabled even-toed ungulates to thrive in diverse habitats, from grasslands to forests, showcasing their remarkable evolutionary journey.

Human Interaction
Human Interaction

Humans have had a long relationship with even-toed ungulates, utilizing them as sources of meat, milk, leather, and labor. Domesticated species like cows, pigs, and goats are central to agriculture and have been for millennia. In pop culture, characters like Pumbaa from "The Lion King" have endeared these animals to the public.

While many even-toed ungulates are domesticated, some wild species face threats from habitat loss and hunting. Conservation efforts are in place to protect these species; for instance, the comeback of the American bison is a conservation success story, symbolizing the potential for coexistence and the restoration of natural ecosystems.

Common Questions
Common Questions
Which animals are even-toed ungulates?

There are about 220 species of even-toed ungulates. Animals that are even-toed ungulates include the saola, pygmy hog, bawean deer, addax, tamaraw, togian babirusa, walia ibex, and rhim gazelle. Other animals include the four-horned antelope, gaur, taruca, wild yak, moose, domestic sheep, and domestic pig.

What are the differences between even and odd-toed ungulates?

The most notable difference between odd and even-toed ungulates is the number of toes they have. Even-toed ungulates have an even number of toes (2 or 4) while odd-toed ungulates have an odd number of toes. Also, there are 220 species of even-toed ungulates while there are 17 species of odd-toed ungulates.

What are the shared characteristics of even-toed ungulates?

Shared characteristics of even-toed ungulates include them being mostly herbivores, and having 2 or 4 functional toes. Almost all species of even-toed ungulates have a form of weapon like unbranched horns, forked horns, antlers, well-developed canines or tusks. They also have grooves at their ankle joints while helps them resist lateral motion.

Addax
329400
35.4”-39.4” | 90-100 cm
12.6”-14.2” | 32-36 cm
45.3”-51.2” | 115-130 cm
132-298 lb | 60-135 kg
19-25 years
Addax
100.000
36.000
130.000
135.000
25.00
329400
GUIDE
3D
Addax
Alpaca
137000
39"-46" | 99-117 cm
48"-84" | 122-213 cm
45-68 lb | 100-175 kg
15-25 years
Alpaca
117.000
213.000
175.000
25.00
137000
GUIDE
3D
Alpaca
36.6”-45.7” | 93-116 cm
11.4”-14.2” | 29-36 cm
43.3”-53.1” | 110-135 cm
55-132 lb | 25-60 kg
14-22 years
Alpine Chamois
116.000
36.000
135.000
60.000
22.00
1350
GUIDE
3D
Alpine Chamois
36.2”-52” | 92-132 cm
13”-18.1” | 33-46 cm
47.2”-66.9” | 120-170 cm
88-265 lb | 40-120 kg
10-21 years
Alpine Ibex
132.000
46.000
170.000
120.000
21.00
9600
GUIDE
3D
Alpine Ibex
63.8”-84.3” | 162-214 cm
30.7”-40.6” | 78-103 cm
86”-114” | 218-290 cm
900-2000 lb | 410-910 kg
12-20 years (wild); 20-40 years (captivity)
American Bison
214.000
103.000
290.000
910.000
40.00
36600
GUIDE
3D
American Bison
93.7”-100.8” | 238-256 cm
46.9”-51.2” | 119-130 cm
113”-123” | 286-312 cm
3300-3500 lb | 1500-1590 kg
14-16 years
Ancient Bison
256.000
130.000
312.000
1590.000
16.00
1750
GUIDE
3D
Ancient Bison
30.3”-41.3” | 77-105 cm
7.5”-10.2” | 19-26 cm
31.5”-43.3” | 80-110 cm
35-66 lb | 16-30 kg
8-15 years
Arabian Gazelle
105.000
26.000
110.000
30.000
15.00
2900
GUIDE
3D
Arabian Gazelle
43.3”-66.9” | 110-170 cm
13.4”-21.3” | 34-54 cm
59”-92.5” | 150-235 cm
143-165 lb | 65-75 kg
15-21 years
Arabian Oryx
170.000
54.000
235.000
75.000
21.00
15450
GUIDE
3D
Arabian Oryx
Argali
12300
49.6”-72.8” | 126-185 cm
16.1”-22.4” | 41-57 cm
53.1”-78.7” | 135-200 cm
132-408 lb | 60-185 kg
7-13 years (wild); 10-17 years (captivity)
Argali
185.000
57.000
200.000
185.000
17.00
12300
GUIDE
3D
Argali
Auroch
32800
61.4”-74” | 156-188 cm
24.8”-28.7” | 63-73 cm
105”-128” | 267-325 cm
1550-3300 lb | 700-1500 kg
25-30 years
Auroch
188.000
73.000
325.000
1500.000
30.00
32800
GUIDE
3D
Auroch
7’ | 2.13 m
7.42'-11.5' | 2.25-3.5 m
990-1100 lb | 450-500 kg
20-40 years; 50 (wild)
Bactrian Camel
213.000
350.000
500.000
50.00
12000
GUIDE
3D
Bactrian Camel
Banteng
44700
55.5”-74” | 141-188 cm
22.8”-30.7” | 58-78 cm
89”-118” | 226-299 cm
1300-1764 lb | 590-800 kg
16-20 years (wild); 20-27 years (captivity)
Banteng
188.000
78.000
299.000
800.000
27.00
44700
GUIDE
3D
Banteng
3’11”-4’1” | 120-125 cm
4’-5’10” | 122-180 cm
375-617 lb | 170-280 kg
10-20 years
Barasingha
125.000
180.000
280.000
20.00
1400
GUIDE
3D
Barasingha
36.2”-46.1” | 92-117 cm
11.8”-15.75” | 30-40 cm
51.2”-65” | 130-165 cm
88-309 lb | 40-140 kg
10-20 years
Barbary Sheep
117.000
40.000
165.000
140.000
20.00
5600
GUIDE
3D
Barbary Sheep
2’2”-2’4” | 65-70 cm
4’-4’7” | 122-140 cm
110-132 lb | 50-60 kg
15-20 years
Bawean Deer
70.000
140.000
60.000
20.00
400
GUIDE
3D
Bawean Deer
Beira
16040
27.6”-35.4” | 70-90 cm
7.1”-9.1” | 18-23 cm
31.5”-39.4” | 80-100 cm
20-31 lb | 9-14 kg
10-14 years
Beira
90.000
23.000
100.000
14.000
14.00
16040
GUIDE
3D
Beira
Bharal
7050
42.1”-60.2” | 107-153 cm
11.4”-18.1” | 29-46 cm
45.3”-65” | 115-165 cm
77-165 lb | 35-75 kg
12-21 years
Bharal
153.000
46.000
165.000
75.000
21.00
7050
GUIDE
3D
Bharal
46.5”-65.4” | 118-166 cm
13.8”-19.3” | 35-49 cm
51.2”-72.8” | 130-185 cm
110-315 lb | 50-143 kg
10-21 years
Bighorn Sheep
166.000
49.000
185.000
143.000
21.00
35700
GUIDE
3D
Bighorn Sheep
57.1”-61” | 145-155 cm
22.4”-24.4” | 57-62 cm
86”-94” | 218-238 cm
1150-2300 lb | 520-1045 kg (Total)
2-3 years (productive); 10-15 years (natural)
Black Angus Cattle
155.000
62.000
238.000
1045.000
15.00
1900
GUIDE
3D
Black Angus Cattle
55.1”-70.9” | 140-180 cm
17.3”-22” | 44-56 cm
66.9”-86.6” | 170-220 cm
243-375 lb | 110-170 kg
15-22 years
Black Wildebeest
180.000
56.000
220.000
170.000
22.00
5100
GUIDE
3D
Black Wildebeest
34.6”-44.9” | 88-114 cm
9.4”-12.2” | 24-31 cm
39.4”-51.2” | 100-130 cm
68-126 lb | 31-57 kg
10-24 years
Blackbuck
114.000
31.000
130.000
57.000
24.00
58200
GUIDE
3D
Blackbuck
15”-22.8” | 38-58 cm
5.5”-8.3” | 14-21 cm
21.7”-31.5” | 55-80 cm
8.8-20 lb | 4-9 kg
10-16 years
Blue Duiker
58.000
21.000
80.000
9.000
16.00
2560
GUIDE
3D
Blue Duiker
49.2”-76.8” | 125-195 cm
15.75”-26.4” | 40-67 cm
59”-94.5” | 150-240 cm
265-639 lb | 120-290 kg
15-24 years
Blue Wildebeest
195.000
67.000
240.000
290.000
24.00
9800
GUIDE
3D
Blue Wildebeest
50”-61” | 127-155 cm
13.4”-15.75” | 34-40 cm
61”-94.5” | 155-190 cm
265-441 lb | 120-200 kg
15-22 years
Bluebuck
155.000
40.000
190.000
200.000
22.00
4150
GUIDE
3D
Bluebuck
Bongo
11250
53.9”-63.4” | 137-161 cm
18.1”-22” | 46-56 cm
66”-77” | 167-196 cm
330-904 lb | 150-410 kg
8-12 years (wild); 18-21 years (captivity)
Bongo
161.000
56.000
196.000
410.000
21.00
11250
GUIDE
3D
Bongo
40.2”-65” | 102-165 cm
13”-22” | 33-56 cm
51.2”-82.7” | 130-210 cm
121-342 lb | 55-155 kg
12-23 years
Bontebok
165.000
56.000
210.000
155.000
23.00
5350
GUIDE
3D
Bontebok
60.2”-73.6” | 153-187 cm
32.7”-38.6” | 83-98 cm
96”-118” | 245-300 cm
1213-1918 lb | 550-870 kg
20-23 years (wild); 23-29 years (captivity)
Cape Buffalo
187.000
98.000
300.000
870.000
29.00
25600
GUIDE
3D
Cape Buffalo
56.3”-61.4” | 143-156 cm
22.8”-25.2” | 58-64 cm
91”-100” | 230-253 cm
1250-2500 lb | 565-1135 kg (Total)
4-6 years (productive); 15-40 years (natural)
Charolais Cattle
156.000
64.000
253.000
1135.000
40.00
17000
GUIDE
3D
Charolais Cattle
26.8”-36.2” | 68-92 cm
10.2”-14.2” | 26-36 cm
35.4”-47.2” | 90-120 cm
49-93 lb | 22-42 kg
10-22 years
Chinese Goral
92.000
36.000
120.000
42.000
22.00
155
GUIDE
3D
Chinese Goral
29.9”-39.4” | 76-100 cm
9.1”-11.4” | 23-29 cm
35.4”-47.2” | 90-120 cm
44-55 lb | 20-25 kg
12-15 years
Chinkara
100.000
29.000
120.000
25.000
15.00
20900
GUIDE
3D
Chinkara
Chital
2900
2’6”-3’3” | 75-100 cm
3’7”-4’7” | 110-140 cm
99-187 lb | 45-85 kg
10-15 years
Chital
100.000
140.000
85.000
15.00
2900
GUIDE
3D
Chital
24.8”-35.8” | 63-91 cm
6.3”-9.4” | 16-24 cm
31.5”-45.3” | 80-115 cm
33-55 lb | 15-25 kg
8-14 years
Common Duiker
91.000
24.000
115.000
25.000
14.00
1390
GUIDE
3D
Common Duiker
55.9”-71.7” | 142-182 cm
19.7”-25.2” | 50-64 cm
83”-106” | 212-269 cm
661-2072 lb | 300-940 kg
15-20 years (wild); up to 25 years (captivity)
Common Eland
182.000
64.000
269.000
940.000
25.00
5700
GUIDE
3D
Common Eland
52.75”-81.9” | 134-208 cm
18.1”-26.4” | 46-67 cm
59”-90.6” | 150-230 cm
265-353 lb | 120-160 kg
10-15 years
Common Tsessebe
208.000
67.000
230.000
160.000
15.00
805
GUIDE
3D
Common Tsessebe
25”-33” | 64-84 cm
36”-60” | 91-152 cm
120-250 lb | 55-110 kg
15-18 years (wild); up to 20 years (captivity)
Common Warthog
84.000
152.000
110.000
20.00
41000
GUIDE
3D
Common Warthog
44.1”-61” | 112-155 cm
16.1”-23.2” | 41-59 cm
51.2”-70.9” | 130-180 cm
123-220 lb | 56-100 kg
14-19 years
Dall Sheep
155.000
59.000
180.000
100.000
19.00
14090
GUIDE
3D
Dall Sheep
52”-60.6” | 132-154 cm
9.8”-11.4” | 25-29 cm
55.1”-65” | 140-165 cm
77-165 lb | 35-75 kg
12-19 years
Dama Gazelle
154.000
29.000
165.000
75.000
19.00
1750
GUIDE
3D
Dama Gazelle
20.1”-29.1” | 51-74 cm
5.5”-8.3” | 14-21 cm
26.8”-39.4” | 68-100 cm
121-220 lb | 55-100 kg
12-18 years
Domestic Goat
74.000
21.000
100.000
100.000
18.00
3200
GUIDE
3D
Domestic Goat
20”-38” | 51-97 cm
35”-71” | 90-180 cm
300-700 lb | 140-300 kg
6-10 years (farm); 15-20 years (pet)
Domestic Pig
97.000
180.000
300.000
10.00
53000
GUIDE
3D
Domestic Pig
37”-54.3” | 94-138 cm
17.3”-26” | 44-66 cm
47.2”-70.9” | 120-180 cm
99-287 lb | 45-130 kg
10-12 years (captivity)
Domestic Sheep
138.000
66.000
180.000
130.000
12.00
4400
GUIDE
3D
Domestic Sheep
48”-62.6” | 122-159 cm
26.8”-34.25” | 68-87 cm
84”-109” | 214-276 cm
496-1290 lb | 225-585 kg
20-25 years (wild); 25-28 years (captivity)
Domestic Yak
159.000
87.000
276.000
585.000
28.00
1500
GUIDE
3D
Domestic Yak
28.7”-36.2” | 73-92 cm
7.1”-9.1” | 18-23 cm
35.4”-43.3” | 90-110 cm
31-44 lb | 14-20 kg
15-24 years
Dorcas Gazelle
92.000
23.000
110.000
20.000
24.00
3100
GUIDE
3D
Dorcas Gazelle
7’ | 2.13 m
7.17'-11.17' | 2.19-3.41 m
880-1320 lb | 400-600 kg
40-50 years
Dromedary Camel
213.000
341.000
600.000
50.00
3400
GUIDE
3D
Dromedary Camel
4’-5’7” | 122-170 cm
6’10”-8” | 208-244 cm
325-1100 lb | 147-500 kg
10-15 years
Elk | Wapiti
170.000
244.000
500.000
15.00
143000
GUIDE
3D
Elk | Wapiti
75.2”-81.5” | 191-207 cm
33.1”-35” | 84-89 cm
98”-107” | 250-271 cm
661-2028 lb | 300-920 kg
18-24 years (wild); 25-30 years (captivity)
European Bison
207.000
89.000
271.000
920.000
30.00
14500
GUIDE
3D
European Bison
2’6”-3’1” | 76-94 cm
4’3”-5’3” | 130-160 cm
65-220 lb | 29-100 kg
8-15 years
Fallow Deer
94.000
160.000
100.000
15.00
19000
GUIDE
3D
Fallow Deer
28.7”-33.1” | 73-84 cm
7.5”-8.7” | 19-22 cm
30.7”-34.6” | 78-88 cm
37-49 lb | 17-22 kg
8-10 years (wild); up to 17 years (captivity)
Four-Horned Antelope
84.000
22.000
88.000
22.000
17.00
3670
GUIDE
3D
Four-Horned Antelope
Gaur
125800
76.8”-98.4” | 195-250 cm
32.7”-41.7” | 83-106 cm
120”-152” | 305-386 cm
1323-3307 lb | 600-1500 kg
20-26 years
Gaur
250.000
106.000
386.000
1500.000
26.00
125800
GUIDE
3D
Gaur
Gemsbok
33250
48.4”-64.6” | 123-164 cm
15.4”-19.3” | 39-49 cm
70.9”-94.5” | 180-240 cm
220-661 lb | 100-300 kg
18-24 years
Gemsbok
164.000
49.000
240.000
300.000
24.00
33250
GUIDE
3D
Gemsbok
Gerenuk
20250
52.4”-61.4” | 133-156 cm
10.6”-12.6” | 27-32 cm
55.1”-63” | 140-160 cm
66-110 lb | 30-50 kg
8-13 years
Gerenuk
156.000
32.000
160.000
50.000
13.00
20250
GUIDE
3D
Gerenuk
69.7”-83.1” | 177-211 cm
20.1”-24” | 51-61 cm
88”-106” | 224-269 cm
661-2645 lb | 300-1200 kg
15-20 years (wild); 20-25 years (captivity)
Giant Eland
211.000
61.000
269.000
1200.000
25.00
3200
GUIDE
3D
Giant Eland
2’6”-3’7” | 76-110 cm
4’3”-6’11” | 130-210 cm
220-600 lb | 100-275 kg
5 years average (wild); 15-20 years (captivity)
Giant Forest Hog
110.000
210.000
275.000
20.00
1400
GUIDE
3D
Giant Forest Hog
48”-71.7” | 122-182 cm
12.6”-19.7” | 32-50 cm
54”-81” | 138-206 cm
265-595 lb | 120-270 kg
7-10 years (wild); 15-23 years (captivity)
Greater Kudu
182.000
50.000
206.000
270.000
23.00
11800
GUIDE
3D
Greater Kudu
Guanaco
15000
57"-61" | 145-155 cm
82"-86" | 210-220 cm
200-310 lb | 90-140 kg
20-25 years
Guanaco
155.000
220.000
140.000
25.00
15000
GUIDE
3D
Guanaco
61.8”-89.4” | 157-227 cm
19.7”-27.6” | 50-70 cm
68.9”-98.4” | 175-250 cm
220-441 lb | 100-200 kg
11-20 years
Hartebeest
227.000
70.000
250.000
200.000
20.00
8700
GUIDE
3D
Hartebeest
60.2”-64.6” | 153-164 cm
25.2”-27.6” | 64-70 cm
93”-100” | 236-255 cm
1200-2300 lb | 545-1045 kg (Total)
1-2 years (productive); 12-20 years (natural)
Hereford Cattle
164.000
70.000
255.000
1045.000
20.00
25000
GUIDE
3D
Hereford Cattle
37.4”-48.8” | 95-124 cm
19.3”-25.2” | 49-64 cm
62”-81” | 157-206 cm
900-2000 lb | 410-910 kg (Total)
1-3 years (productive); 15-22 years (natural)
Highland Cattle
124.000
64.000
206.000
910.000
22.00
48000
GUIDE
3D
Highland Cattle
48.8”-63.8” | 124-162 cm
13.4”-17.3” | 34-44 cm
55.1”-70.9” | 140-180 cm
187-309 lb | 85-140 kg
19-22 years
Himalayan Serow
162.000
44.000
180.000
140.000
22.00
4920
GUIDE
3D
Himalayan Serow
28.3”-44.9” | 72-114 cm
12.2”-18.9” | 31-48 cm
35.4”-55.1” | 90-140 cm
121-198 lb | 55-90 kg
12-22 years
Himalayan Tahr
114.000
48.000
140.000
90.000
22.00
6550
GUIDE
3D
Himalayan Tahr
51”-83” | 1.3-2.1 m
39”-59” | 1-1.5 m
9.5’-16.5’ | 2.9-5.05 m
2,866-7,055 lb | 1,300-3,200 kg
36-50 years
Hippopotamus
210.000
150.000
505.000
3200.000
50.00
603000
GUIDE
3D
Hippopotamus
Hirola
5250
39.4”-65.4” | 100-166 cm
9.8”-15.75” | 25-40 cm
47.2”-80.7” | 120-205 cm
154-254 lb | 70-115 kg
10-15 years
Hirola
166.000
40.000
205.000
115.000
15.00
5250
GUIDE
3D
Hirola
62.2”-67.3” | 158-171 cm
23.6”-25.6” | 60-65 cm
93”-98” | 235-250 cm
1200-1700 lb | 545-770 kg
4-6 years (productive); 15-20 years (natural)
Holstein Friesian Cattle
171.000
65.000
250.000
770.000
20.00
28000
GUIDE
3D
Holstein Friesian Cattle
35.4”-50.4” | 90-128 cm
11.4”-17.7” | 29-45 cm
47.2”-66.9” | 120-170 cm
77-176 lb | 35-80 kg
12-20 years
Iberian Ibex
128.000
45.000
170.000
80.000
20.00
2500
GUIDE
3D
Iberian Ibex
Impala
28450
41.7”-55.5” | 106-141 cm
8.7”-11.8” | 22-30 cm
47.2”-63” | 120-160 cm
88-168 lb | 40-76 kg
10-25 years
Impala
141.000
30.000
160.000
76.000
25.00
28450
GUIDE
3D
Impala
6’6”-7’ | 198-213 cm
9’10”-10’6” | 3-3.2 m
1190-1543 lb | 540-700 kg
10-15 years
Irish Elk
213.000
320.000
700.000
15.00
19000
GUIDE
3D
Irish Elk
25.6”-41.3” | 65-105 cm
10.2”-17.7” | 26-45 cm
31.5”-51.2” | 80-130 cm
66-99 lb | 30-45 kg
20-25 years
Japanese Serow
105.000
45.000
130.000
45.000
25.00
2800
GUIDE
3D
Japanese Serow
25.6”-39.4” | 65-100 cm
8.7”-13” | 22-33 cm
29.5”-45.3” | 75-115 cm
18-40 lb | 8-18 kg
12-18 years
Klipspringer
100.000
33.000
115.000
18.000
18.00
18080
GUIDE
3D
Klipspringer
Kob
49200
39.4”-57.9” | 100-147 cm
9.8”-14.6” | 25-37 cm
49.2”-70.9” | 125-180 cm
198-265 lb | 90-120 kg
17-22 years
Kob
147.000
37.000
180.000
120.000
22.00
49200
GUIDE
3D
Kob
Lechwe
4000
37.4”-51.2” | 95-130 cm
10.6”-15” | 27-38 cm
51.2”-70.9” | 130-180 cm
132-265 lb | 60-120 kg
15-25 years
Lechwe
130.000
38.000
180.000
120.000
25.00
4000
GUIDE
3D
Lechwe
47.6”-58.3” | 121-148 cm
12.6”-15.75” | 32-40 cm
49”-61” | 125-154 cm
198-342 lb | 90-155 kg
7-15 years (wild); 15-20 years (captivity)
Lesser Kudu
148.000
40.000
154.000
155.000
20.00
4750
GUIDE
3D
Lesser Kudu
Llama
154000
67"-71" | 1.7-1.8 m
72"-78" | 1.8-2.0 m
290-440 lb | 130-200 kg
15-25 years
Llama
180.000
200.000
200.000
25.00
154000
GUIDE
3D
Llama
Markhor
68900
44.9”-65” | 114-165 cm
15.4”-20.9” | 39-53 cm
52”-73.2” | 132-186 cm
77-243 lb | 35-110 kg
12-13 years
Markhor
165.000
53.000
186.000
110.000
13.00
68900
GUIDE
3D
Markhor
3’7”-4’ | 109-122 cm
6’-6’6” | 183-198 cm
155-330 lb | 70-150 kg
10-15 years
Marsh Deer
122.000
198.000
150.000
15.00
600
GUIDE
3D
Marsh Deer
15.75’-20’ | 4.8-6.1 m
2.5’-3.3’ | .75-1 m
13.5’-17.4’ | 4.1-5.3 m
1,543-4,189 lb | 700-1,900 kg
10-27 years
Masai Giraffe
610.000
100.000
530.000
1900.000
27.00
6270
GUIDE
3D
Masai Giraffe
14”-20” | 36-51 cm
22”-32” | 56-130 cm
50-200 lb | 23-90 kg
5 years (typical); 12-18 years (captivity)
Miniature Pig
51.000
130.000
90.000
18.00
12000
GUIDE
3D
Miniature Pig
33.5”-49.2” | 85-125 cm
9.8”-15.4” | 25-39 cm
39.4”-59” | 100-150 cm
44-86 lb | 20-39 kg
7-12 years
Mongolian Gazelle
125.000
39.000
150.000
39.000
12.00
1860
GUIDE
3D
Mongolian Gazelle
Moose
176500
5’6”-6’11” | 168-211 cm
9.2’-10’ | 280-305 cm
600-1500 lb | 270-680 kg
15-25 years
Moose
211.000
305.000
680.000
25.00
176500
GUIDE
3D
Moose
Mouflon
27070
38.6”-52” | 98-132 cm
12.6”-16.5” | 32-42 cm
43.3”-57.1” | 110-145 cm
55-121 lb | 25-55 kg
8-12 years (wild); 18-23 years (captivity)
Mouflon
132.000
42.000
145.000
55.000
23.00
27070
GUIDE
3D
Mouflon
39”-50” | 99-127 cm
16.5”-20.9” | 42-53 cm
55.1”-70.9” | 140-180 cm
132-265 lb | 60-120 kg
10-21 years
Mountain Goat
127.000
53.000
180.000
120.000
21.00
87350
GUIDE
3D
Mountain Goat
34.6”-46.5” | 88-118 cm
8.7”-11.4” | 22-29 cm
39.4”-53.5” | 100-136 cm
53-84 lb | 24-38 kg
10-15 years
Mountain Reedbuck
118.000
29.000
136.000
38.000
15.00
1330
GUIDE
3D
Mountain Reedbuck
2’8”-3’6” | 81-107 cm
3’7”-5’6” | 109-168 cm
99-330 lb | 45-150 kg
15-22 years
Mule Deer
107.000
168.000
150.000
22.00
38000
GUIDE
3D
Mule Deer
Muskox
36450
52.4”-64.2” | 133-163 cm
25.2”-33.5” | 64-85 cm
74.8”-96.5” | 190-245 cm
397-838 lb | 180-380 kg
12-22 years
Muskox
163.000
85.000
245.000
380.000
22.00
36450
GUIDE
3D
Muskox
Nilgai
119150
57.9”-72.4” | 147-184 cm
17.3”-22.4” | 44-57 cm
68”-85” | 172-217 cm
220-639 lb | 100-290 kg
12-13 years (wild); 20-22 years (captivity)
Nilgai
184.000
57.000
217.000
290.000
22.00
119150
GUIDE
3D
Nilgai
26.4”-40.9” | 67-104 cm
9.4”-14.6” | 24-37 cm
35.4”-55.1” | 90-140 cm
110-220 lb | 50-100 kg
9-17 years
Nilgiri Tahr
104.000
37.000
140.000
100.000
17.00
19030
GUIDE
3D
Nilgiri Tahr
23”-26” | 58-66 cm
33”-43” | 85-110 cm
100-220 lb | 45-100 kg
Up to 20 years (wild); up to 24 years (captivity)
North Sulawesi Babirusa
66.000
110.000
100.000
24.00
150
GUIDE
3D
North Sulawesi Babirusa
14’-18.7’ | 4.3-5.7 m
2.3’-3.1’ | .7-.95 m
12.3’-16.1’ | 3.75-4.9 m
1,830-2,646 lb | 830-1,200 kg
10-25 years
Northern Giraffe
570.000
95.000
490.000
1200.000
25.00
16100
GUIDE
3D
Northern Giraffe
Nyala
31250
42.9”-57.5” | 109-146 cm
13”-17.7” | 33-45 cm
53”-70” | 134-178 cm
121-275 lb | 55-125 kg
11-16 years (wild); 15-19 years (captivity)
Nyala
146.000
45.000
178.000
125.000
19.00
31250
GUIDE
3D
Nyala
Okapi
353700
5.25’-6.7’ | 1.6-2.05 m
17.7”-23.6” | .45-.6 m
6.2’-8.2’ | 1.9-2.5 m
397-772 lb | 180-350 kg
15-34 years
Okapi
205.000
60.000
250.000
350.000
34.00
353700
GUIDE
3D
Okapi
Oribi
16070
31.5”-37” | 80-94 cm
8.3”-9.8” | 21-25 cm
36.2”-43.3” | 92-110 cm
26-49 lb | 12-22 kg
8-14 years
Oribi
94.000
25.000
110.000
22.000
14.00
16070
GUIDE
3D
Oribi
3.6’-4.1’ | 1.1-1.25 m
12”-13.8” | .3-.35 m
4.3’-4.9’ | 1.3-1.5 m
88-154 lb | 40-70 kg
10-15 years
Pronghorn
125.000
35.000
150.000
70.000
15.00
76300
GUIDE
3D
Pronghorn
Pudú
12300
1’2”-1’3” | 35-38 cm
2’7”-2’9” | 80-85 cm
20-33 lb | 9-15 kg
8-10 years
Pudú
38.000
85.000
15.000
10.00
12300
GUIDE
3D
Pudú
Puku
44020
41.7”-52.75” | 106-134 cm
11.8”-15” | 30-38 cm
49.6”-63” | 126-160 cm
132-170 lb | 60-77 kg
15-18 years
Puku
134.000
38.000
160.000
77.000
18.00
44020
GUIDE
3D
Puku
29.5”-39” | .75-1 m
22”-26” | .55-.65 m
59”-69” | 1.5-1.75 m
353-606 lb | 160-275 kg
30-50 years
Pygmy Hippopotamus
100.000
65.000
175.000
275.000
50.00
5350
GUIDE
3D
Pygmy Hippopotamus
8”-12” | 20-31 cm
22”-28” | 55-71 cm
14-22 lb | 6.5-10 kg
Up to 14 years (captivity)
Pygmy Hog
31.000
71.000
10.000
14.00
1500
GUIDE
3D
Pygmy Hog
61”-64.6” | 155-164 cm
21.3”-22.4” | 54-57 cm
82”-87” | 208-220 cm
1100-1800 lb | 500-815 kg (Total)
1-2 years (productive); 10-15 years (natural)
Red Angus Cattle
164.000
57.000
220.000
815.000
15.00
1800
GUIDE
3D
Red Angus Cattle
2’3”-2’4” | 70-72 cm
2’3”-4’3” | 70-130 cm
35-55 lb | 16-25 kg
7-12 years
Red Brocket
72.000
130.000
25.000
12.00
305
GUIDE
3D
Red Brocket
3’3”-3’11” | 100-120 cm
5’6”-8’6” | 168-259 cm
250-550 lb | 113-250 kg
10-15 years
Red Deer
120.000
259.000
250.000
15.00
18000
GUIDE
3D
Red Deer
1’10”-2’7” | 56-79 cm
3’4”-5’ | 102-152 cm
100-285 lb | 45-130 kg
10-12 years (wild); 15-20 years (captivity)
Red River Hog
79.000
152.000
130.000
20.00
3400
GUIDE
3D
Red River Hog
2’9”-4’7” | 85-140 cm
3’11”-7’2” | 120-220 cm
132-705 lb | 60-320 kg
15-20 years
Reindeer | Caribou
140.000
220.000
320.000
20.00
204000
GUIDE
3D
Reindeer | Caribou
14’-18’ | 4.3-5.5 m
2.5’-3.3’ | .75-1 m
11.8’-15.1’ | 3.6-4.6 m
2,601-4,255 lb | 1,180-1,930 kg
10-27 years
Reticulated Giraffe
550.000
100.000
460.000
1930.000
27.00
8900
GUIDE
3D
Reticulated Giraffe
Red Brocket
Comparison illustration of the size of a Red Brocket to an average human

The American Red Brocket (Mazama Americana) is a brocket species of deer found in the forests of South America stretching from Northern Argentina to Colombia and Guyana. Red Brockets have also been seen on Trinidad Islands and the Tobago Republic. Red Brocket coats are reddish-brown with unique coloration on the head and neck that are lighter, grayish-brawn, and partially black.

The inside of the Red Brocket's tail is white along with the underside of the body. Fawns are white, and the legs are blackish. Only the grown-up males have antlers, which are small and spiky. The American Red Brocket prefers the fruit if it is available and is usually lonely and remains in dense jungles. The animal snorts or stumps his hooves when alarmed. The American Red Brocket is the largest of the brockets.

Red Brocket have standing shoulder heights between 2’3”-2’4” (70-72 cm), head-to-body lengths in the range of 2’3”-4’3” (70-130 cm), and overall weights of 35-55 lb (16-25 kg). The lifespan of a wild Red Brocket is roughly 7-12 years.

Series of side elevation illustrations of the Red Brocket
The American Red Brocket (Mazama Americana) is a brocket species of deer found in the forests of South America stretching from Northern Argentina to Colombia and Guyana. The American Red Brocket is the largest of the brockets and has a reddish-brown coat with unique head and neck colorations.

Red Brocket have standing shoulder heights between 2’3”-2’4” (70-72 cm), head-to-body lengths in the range of 2’3”-4’3” (70-130 cm), and overall weights of 35-55 lb (16-25 kg). The lifespan of a wild Red Brocket is roughly 7-12 years.

Series of side elevation illustrations of the Red Brocket
Red Brocket
Height:
2’3”-2’4” | 70-72 cm
Width:
Length:
2’3”-4’3” | 70-130 cm
Depth:
Weight:
35-55 lb | 16-25 kg
Area:
Scientific Name
Mazama americana
Lifespan
7-12 years

Drawings include:

Red Brocket side elevation (standing), front (standing)

Downloads

2D Downloads

3D Downloads

American Bison (Bison bison)
Scale illustration of an average American Bison compared to a human

The American Bison, or commonly referred to as American Buffalo, is a North American native that once roamed the plains with large herds. The American Bison is North America's largest land mammal when fully grown. American Bison's have many distinctive features: their deep brown fur, large beard and mane, and their large hump on its shoulders, their most striking feature. American Bison's defend themselves by smashing their thick skulls onto their predators.

Once a symbol for the American Great Plains, vast herds of bison provided food, clothing and tools for the native people of the prairies. After being hunted to near extinction by settlers, the majority of bison today are raised in captivity as livestock.

American Bisons have a shoulder height between 59.8”-78” (152-198 cm), body length from 86”-114” (218-290 cm), standing height of roughly 63.8”-84.3” (162-214 cm), and a body width of 30.7”-40.6” (78-103 cm). The horns of a American Bison are between 20”-24” (50.8-61 cm). Weights of American Bison vary between males and females with males weighing between 1500-2000 lb (680-910 kg) and females from 900-1200 lb (410-545 kg). American Bisons have a typical lifespan of 12-20 years in the wild and 20-40 years in captivity.

Collection of scaled drawings of American Bison in various standing poses
The American Bison, or commonly referred to as American Buffalo, is a North American native that once roamed the plains with large herds. The American Bison is North America's largest land mammal when fully grown. American Bison's have many distinctive features including large beards and hump.

American Bisons have a shoulder height between 59.8”-78” (152-198 cm), body length from 86”-114” (218-290 cm), standing height of roughly 63.8”-84.3” (162-214 cm), and a body width of 30.7”-40.6” (78-103 cm). The horns of a American Bison are between 20”-24” (50.8-61 cm). Weights of American Bison vary between males and females with males weighing between 1500-2000 lb (680-910 kg) and females from 900-1200 lb (410-545 kg). American Bisons have a typical lifespan of 12-20 years in the wild and 20-40 years in captivity.

Collection of scaled drawings of American Bison in various standing poses
American Bison (Bison bison)
Height:
63.8”-84.3” | 162-214 cm
Width:
30.7”-40.6” | 78-103 cm
Length:
86”-114” | 218-290 cm
Depth:
Withers Height
59.8”-78” | 152-198 cm
Weight:
900-2000 lb | 410-910 kg
Area:

Horn Length: 20”-24” | 50.8-61 cm

Weight (Male): 1500-2000 lb | 680-910 kg

Weight (Female): 900-1200 lb | 410-545 kg

Scientific Name
Bison bison
Lifespan
12-20 years (wild); 20-40 years (captivity)

Drawings include:

American Bison side elevation, front, back, lying down

Downloads

2D Downloads

3D Downloads

Urial (Ovis vignei)
Dimensioned comparison drawing of the Urial compared to an average person

Central and South East Asia are the ideal environments to find the Urial (Ovis vignei). These areas need to be arid, grassy terrain, or partly wooded. Some communities call it the shapo or arkars. Both sexes have horns but those of males are large, curling outwards and turning behind the head. The body is lean and the legs long. During winter the coat is brown but lighter in summer. White rump patches can be seen at the back of the hindquarters and the base of their short tail. Urials also have black and white saddle patches. The animals are gregarious, forming herds of females, lambs, and juveniles. Males are polygamous.

Urials have a standing shoulder height between 31.5”-43.3” (80-110 cm), overall body length from 47.2”-63” (120-160 cm), standing height of roughly 42.1”-56.7” (107-144 cm), and a body width of 13”-17.7” (33-45 cm). The weight of a Urial is between 110-198 lb (50-90 kg). Urials have a typical lifespan of 8-20 years.

Set of standing side and front elevation drawings of the Urial
Central and South East Asia are the ideal environments to find the Urial (Ovis vignei). These areas need to be arid, grassy terrain, or partly wooded. Some communities call it the shapo or arkars. Both sexes have horns but those of males are large, curling outwards and turning behind the head.

Urials have a standing shoulder height between 31.5”-43.3” (80-110 cm), overall body length from 47.2”-63” (120-160 cm), standing height of roughly 42.1”-56.7” (107-144 cm), and a body width of 13”-17.7” (33-45 cm). The weight of a Urial is between 110-198 lb (50-90 kg). Urials have a typical lifespan of 8-20 years.

Set of standing side and front elevation drawings of the Urial
Urial (Ovis vignei)
Height:
42.1”-56.7” | 107-144 cm
Width:
13”-17.7” | 33-45 cm
Length:
47.2”-63” | 120-160 cm
Depth:
Shoulder Height
31.5”-43.3” | 80-110 cm
Weight:
110-198 lb | 50-90 kg
Area:
Scientific Name
Ovis vignei
Lifespan
8-20 years

Drawings include:

Urial side elevation, front, back, lying down

Downloads

2D Downloads

3D Downloads

Sika Deer
Comparison illustration of the size of a Sika Deer to an average human

Sika Deer (Cervus nippon), or Japanese Deer, are small to medium in scale deer that is most common found in Japan. Sika Deer have spotted bodies paired with smaller legs and heads than most deer. Like other species, male Sika Deer have antlers with three or four tines. Some males get more tines depending on if they are more dominant within the herd.

While female Sika Deer do not grow antlers, they instead have two black bumps that grow on their heads in the same position. Sika Deer are found with a wide variety of colors and patterning from a white gray or a medium tone brown.

Sika Deer have standing shoulder heights between 2’2”-3’7” (65-110 cm), head-to-body lengths in the range of 3’5”-5’1” (105-155 cm), and overall weights of 55-245 lb (25-111 kg). The lifespan of a wild Sika Deer is roughly 10-15 years.

Collection of scaled drawings of the Sika Deer
Sika Deer (Cervus nippon), or Japanese Deer, are small to medium in scale deer that is most common found in Japan. Sika Deer have spotted bodies paired with smaller legs and heads than most deer. Like other species, male Sika Deer have antlers with three or four tines.

Sika Deer have standing shoulder heights between 2’2”-3’7” (65-110 cm), head-to-body lengths in the range of 3’5”-5’1” (105-155 cm), and overall weights of 55-245 lb (25-111 kg). The lifespan of a wild Sika Deer is roughly 10-15 years.

Collection of scaled drawings of the Sika Deer
Sika Deer
Height:
2’2”-3’7” | 65-110 cm
Width:
Length:
3’5”-5’1” | 105-155 cm
Depth:
Weight:
55-245 lb | 25-111 kg
Area:
Scientific Name
Cervus nippon
Lifespan
10-15 years

Drawings include:

Sika Deer side elevation (standing), front (standing), side (lying down)

Downloads

2D Downloads

3D Downloads

Red Deer
Comparison illustration of the size of a Red Deer to an average human

The famous Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), is a member of the Cervidae family, originating in North America, Europe, Asia, and Northwestern Africa. Found mainly in the woodlands, Red Deer live in sexually isolated herds, except during the breeding season, when the males fight for the females. The Red Deer has been hunted for food and sport for a long time.

A fully grown Red Deer stands around 3'11" (1.2 m) tall showing off its reddish-brown coat, that darkens to grayish-brown in winter accompanying lighter undersides and a light rump. The Red Deer has long, regularly branched antlers with a total of 10 or more tines. 12-tined deer are called "Royals" and the 14-tined deer are called "Wilsons."

Red Deer have standing shoulder heights between 3’3”-3’11” (100-120 cm), head-to-body lengths in the range of 5’6”-8’6” (168-259 cm), and overall weights of 250-550 lb (113-250 kg). The lifespan of a wild Red Deer is roughly 10-15 years.

Group of illustrated side elevation drawings of the Red Deer
The famous Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), is a member of the Cervidae family, originating in North America, Europe, Asia, and Northwestern Africa. Found mainly in the woodlands, Red Deer live in sexually isolated herds, except during the breeding season, when the males fight for the females.

Red Deer have standing shoulder heights between 3’3”-3’11” (100-120 cm), head-to-body lengths in the range of 5’6”-8’6” (168-259 cm), and overall weights of 250-550 lb (113-250 kg). The lifespan of a wild Red Deer is roughly 10-15 years.

Group of illustrated side elevation drawings of the Red Deer
Red Deer
Height:
3’3”-3’11” | 100-120 cm
Width:
Length:
5’6”-8’6” | 168-259 cm
Depth:
Weight:
250-550 lb | 113-250 kg
Area:
Scientific Name
Cervus elaphus
Lifespan
10-15 years

Drawings include:

Red Deer side elevation (standing), front (standing)

Downloads

2D Downloads

3D Downloads